The Ancona is a breed of chicken which originated in the Marche region of Italy. This breed is named after the city of Ancona, capital of the Marche. It was bred to its present type mainly in United Kingdom during 19th Century. It is popular in Britain and the United States, but uncommon in Italy. An initiative to re-establish it in and preserve its biodiversity in Italy was launched in 2000. There are also Ancona bantams.

The Ancona is a good layer of white eggs, of which it lays an average of 220 per year. Hens have little tendency to broodiness. Pullets may begin to lay at 5 months. Birds range widely and take flight easily. The plumage of the Ancona is black mottled with white. Approximately one feather in three has a v-shaped white marking at the tip. All primaries, sickles and tail-feathers should have white tips. The black feathers may have a beetle-green tint. In Italy, blue mottled with white is also recognised in full-size birds, but not in bantams. Australia recognises a Red variety, with a chestnut to red bay ground colour. The legs are yellow mottled with black, the beak yellow with some black markings on the upper mandible, and the eye orange-red. The skin is yellow, the ear-lobes white or cream-coloured. The comb is of medium size, with five well-marked points; in hens it should fall gracefully to one side. In the United Kingdom and in the United States, but not in Italy, a rose comb is permitted.